The patella is a flat, triangular sesamoid bone embedded within the quadriceps tendon that forms the anterior portion of the knee joint. It acts as a pulley to increase the leverage of the quadriceps muscle, enhancing the mechanical efficiency of knee extension. The patella also protects the knee joint and helps distribute forces across the knee during movement.
The name "patella" derives from the Latin word for "small pan" or "dish," referring to its shallow, dish-like shape. This term has been used in anatomical descriptions since ancient times due to its distinctive appearance.
Without a functional patella, humans would experience significantly reduced power in knee extension, making it difficult to perform activities like climbing stairs, rising from a seated position, or running. The absence or damage to the patella would also increase vulnerability to knee injuries, as the joint would lack its protective anterior covering and force distribution mechanism.
